Getting to the Moon is only half the challenge. Space medicine expert Ilaria Cinelli on why human biology — not technology — is the real frontier of lunar exploration.

Edited by Ilaria Cinelli, this open-access book argues that success on the Moon and Mars depends not on technology alone — but on the humans behind the missions.

Preparing humans for deep space starts on Earth. This paper introduces a new framework to identify which extreme environments — from cave diving to polar expeditions — best replicate the demands of future space missions, putting behavioural health at the centre of mission design.

Do we still need humans in space? Ilaria Cinelli tackles one of the most pressing questions of the new space age in this SpaceNews opinion piece — arguing that AI and robots, however capable, cannot replace the irreplaceable human spirit of exploratio